Production of hydroxytoluenes



T m gga p :5 RONG H 50 SULFONATION ZONE I50F- 2 HRS.

Sept. 26, 1950 R. J. MILLER PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYTOLUENES Filed June 21, 1948 CHLORINATION OF H TOLUENE Z MEXTURE OF ORTHO-&

PARACHLOROTOLUENES ALCL3 ISOMERIZATION 2 300F- I5MIN.

CHLOROBENZEN I TO STORAGE FRACTIONATION .3

\ MIXED CHLOROTOLUENES 2O -45 7o META CHR N RECYCLE 4 UNSULFONATED CHLOROTOLUENES CONCENTRATED HYDROLYSIS 0F METACHLOROTOLUENE DILUTE H2504 CONCENTRATOR SULFONC ACID METACHLOROTOLUENE 90 '9879 PURE HYDROLYSIS WITH NAOH 7 CRUDE PHENOLS 8\TOLYL ETHERS HCL OR co; m

FRACTIONA'TION 8 METACRESOL so mew PURE DIHYDROXYTOLUENE mvwmw Patented Sept. 26, 1950 2,523,707 PRODUCTION or HYDROXY'I'OLUENES Robert J. Miller, Berkeley, Calif., assignor to California Research Corporation, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of'Delaware Application June 21, 1948, Serial No. 34,286

. 18 Claims. (Cl. 260-629) This invention relates to the preparation of hydroxytoluenes from mixtures of chlorotoluene isomers. More particularly, it relates to the manufacture of metacresol from mixtures of chlorotoluene isomers.

Production of monohydroxytoluenes or cresols from chlorotoluenes has been reported in the art. However, since but little metachlorotoluene is produced in' the chlorination of toluene, the chlorotoluene material used for the production of cresols ordinarily represents a mixture substantially consisting of orthoand para-chlorotoluenes. Subsequenttreatment of this mixture. which consists in contacting it with aluminum chloride as an isomerization catalyst at a temperature of the order of 300 F. and fractionally distilling the resulting isomerization mixture to remove chlorobenzene and chloroxylenes, results in the recovery of a mixture of ortho-, paraand metachlorotoluenes, wherein the metachlorotoluene content may be as high as about 45% or more by weight based on the total weight of the chlorotoluene mixture. Such a mixture of chlorotoluenes may be converted to a mixture of cresols by the application of caustic hydrolysis. However, because of the close proximity of the boiling temperatures of the three cresol isomers and the similarity of their other chemical and physical properties, the recovery of pure metacresol from the hydrolysis product mixture is a rather difficult operation.

It has been proposed to eliminate orthochlorotoluene from the mixture of its isomers by high efficiency fractionation (superfractionation). In this case, the final resulting cresol product is a mixture of paraand meta-isomers, and a satisfactory separation of individual paraand metachlorotoluenes from each other by distillation, prior to their conversion to cresols by hydrolysis, is again rendered extremely diilicult by the close proximity of the boiling temperatures of paraand metachlorotoluenes (meta-, B. P.=324.3 F.; para-, B. P.=324.5 F.)

It is, therefore, the object of the present invention to provide a process for the recovery of substantially pure metachlorotoluene from a mixfrom a mixture of its isomers, which comprises taining 20% free S03.

isomerizingchlorotoluenes, selectively sulfonating metachlorotoluene in the isomerization product, and recovering by hydrolysis the metachlorotoluene -from= the sulfonation mixture.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a new process for preparing metacresol and, if desired, dihydroxytoluenes, from the product of the aforementioned sulfonation.

Other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description.

I have found that metachlorotoluene may be readily separated in good yield and in a relatively high state of purity from a mixture of chlorotoluene isomers by treating such a mixture with strong sulfuric acid under such conditions as to effect selective sulfonation fo metachlorotoluene to metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, while paraand orthochlorotoluenes remain unaffected by the sulfuric acid and are separated from the metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid. On hydrolyzing this latter, substantially pure metachlorotoluene is readily obtained.

This novel reaction may be incorporated into an improved, continuous, integrated process for the manufacture of metacresol from mixtures of chlorotoluene isomers, which comprises a sequence of coordinated steps ofisomerizing a mixtureof chlorotoluenes, selectively sulfonating the resulting mixture of ortho-, para-, and metchlorotoluene isomers to form andto separate metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, hydrolyzing this acid to yield substantially pure metachlorotoluene, subjecting this latter product to caustic hydrolysis, and recovering metacresol of relatively high purity from the product of this last hydrolysis.

Sulfuric acid to be used for sulfonating chlorotolue'ne may vary in concentration from sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid, i. e., oleum con- However, 96% sulfuric acid is preferred, having been found to be most economical and satisfactory. Usually the sulfonation treatment is carried out at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F., that of about F. being preferred. The quantity of sulfuric acid required for sulfonation depends on the concentration of the acid and the temperatuhe of sulfonation reaction. Since all of the variables in the sulfonation reaction: temperature, acid concentration, amount of acid, and time of contact, are more or less interdependent, exact numerical values cannot be assigned in defining ranges for the preferred conditions of sulfonation.

It will be noted, however, that on increasing the amount of sulfuric acid, a, greater amount of chlorotoluene material will undergo sulfonation. Since metachlorotoluene is sulfonated at a greater rate than its two other isomers, it may occur that in the presence of too much acid, all the metachlorotoluene will become sulfonated, and then the acid will begin to sulfonate the other isomers in the charge. Likewise, a higher concentration of sulfuric acid will result in a faster reaction and acid layer and recycled to isomerization zone 2. The sulfonic acid layer is withdrawn to hydrolysis zone 5 and hydrolyzed by diluting with water and heating to a temperature from about 300 F. to about 360 F. to yield metachlorotoluene of at a better utilization of the acid. Higher tempera- 5 least 90% purity (by weight of the total hydrolytures also will have an effect similar to that of a I sis product), though purities of as high as 98% higher concentration. Finally, the longer the y e obtained in a yield equal to about 50% or time of Contact, the greater m be t t t, of more of metachlorotoluene present in the original utilization of the acid 10 chlorotoluene mixture before sulfonation.

The control of the aforementioned process vas indicated hereinbefore, a desired p rtion f riables will be readily understood by those skilled the sulfenle acid layer y be W hd awn from in the art in each particular case in the light of sulfonation zone 4 to be converted to a, dihydroxythe present description and from the results of V boluenelnleaetor 9. I some of the representative sulfonation runs 15 The pure metaohlorotoluene p oduct obtained shown in Table 1 of this m tiox from the aqueous hydrolysis of metachlorotoluenc The yield of metacmorotoluene suuomc acid is sulfonic ac d 1s subjected for least 15 minutes equal to about 50% or more, depending on the to hydrolysls wlth eo sod um hydroxide, as extent of sulfonation, temperature, strength of shown In 7, at a temperature from about 600 F.

. sulfuric acid and the type of equipment used. 20 to abobt 9 a and under i Pressure sufficient The metachlorotoluene sulfonlc acid obtained to mamtem the e e 1n q d p ase. A by the above-mentioned selective sulfonation Pressure of 3200 15 most Satisfactory, hen may next be divided into two feed streams, one of the temperature is about and the reaction which is processed to metacresol, while the other time 15 about o hour- The e tratlon of somay be converted to a dihydroxytoluene, as will dibm hydroxlde ranges from about o 4% be shown hereinafter. and up, and preferably from about 8% to about The lf i acid feed stream destined for com 10%, while the mol ratio of sodium hydroxide to version to metacresol is subjected to hydrolysis by met'icmorotolbene equal to at least Q diluting with water and heating to a temperature leavmg F hydrolysis Zone 7, the Product 15 from about 3000 F. to about R substam 8 neutralized with an acid stronger than cresol, tially pure metachlorotoluene is obtained from H280" Hell or HZCOL and Yields mlXtllre this hydrolysis and is subsequently converted to of Presol and from about 15% to about by metacresol, either by a continuous or by a batchwelgm of bolyl etherstype caustic hydrolysis, as will be explained in de- It has been found h to What tail in the following description of my combined 85 could have been exbebted 1n h hght of Previous process for production of metacresol and dihyexperience reputed m the htereture, the droxytoluenes with reference to the flow-diagram versiob metacbloroboluenb e cresbl by given in the attached drawing In this drolysis w th sodium hydroxide is not attended am, after chlorinating toluene, as shown in I, by lsbmenzetlohp h y, metacresol of the resulting mixture of orthoand parachlororelatlvely hlgh er 15 produced from o toluenes is treated in isomerization zone 2 with chlomtoluene, f t amount P po o al aluminum chloride at a temperature from about to the concentration of metachlorotoluene in the 000 F- t about 35 0 F" and preferably t about chlorotoluene charge subJeCted t0 sulfonation. F" for at least 15 minutes The isomeriza Conventional distillation, as shown in 8, is retion product is withdrawn from zone 2 and sub- 46 Sorted to in f to e e olyl ethers from jected to fractional distillation, as shown in 3, to metacresol, Y is finally recovered in a high separate chlorobenzene which goes overhead and State of Purity from t eas to as much passes to storage, and chloroxylenes which are as recovered as bottoms and are either sent to storsome f the ep ative sulfonation test age or discarded. The mixed chlorotoluene fracdata are tabulated in Table I below. These data tion from this distillation may contain from 20% indicate that the maximum separation of metato 45% or more by weight of metachlorotoluene. chlorotoluene Sulfollio acid s Secured by usin This mixed fraction is introduced into sulfonaaabout P d of 9 Sulfuric acid at a, temtion zone 4 and is treated for about two hours perature of about 150 F. Increasing the amount with strong sulfuric acid at a temperature from of acid above about 0.8 pound and/or increasing about F. to about 210 F., and preferably at the temperature of sulfonation does not result about F'. A layer of metachlorotoluene suli a marked improvement of the y eld of me afonic acid is selectively formed by this sulfonachlorotoluene sulfonic acid. Lowering the tion treatment, and the supernatant layer of unamount of acid decreases the yield of metachlorosulfonated chlorotoluenes is separated from the 00 toluene sulfonic acid.

TABLE I sulfonation of chlorotoluenes for 2 hours Meta 96% 96% lil'eta-Isomer am. my stats. stat-e. Stats Per Cent i f in gggf Per Cent 1 20 0.34 1.7 150 2a 2 23 0.80 3.5 150 47 a-. 24 1. 0 0. 7 150 51 4 20 0.34 1.7 210 25 5 27 0.81 3.0 210 4s 0.-.. 35 0.80 2.3 150 40 a a separatory funnel for the addition of more water, if necessary, to control the temperature. In a typical example, an acid layer charge of 6 designate a chlorotoluene fraction containing about 2 mole of orthochlorotoluene'to about. 1 mol of parachlorotoluene. However, it is to be understood that other mixtures of chlorotolu- 122 g. requires the use of 97 g. of water. Dilute 1 sulfuric acid separated in this hydrolysis from substantially pure metachlorotoluene is sent to a concentrator, numbered 6 in the flow-diagram; following reconcentration in 6, the acid is combined with some make-up S: and returned to sulfonation zone I.

It must be observed that other suitable methacid. In such a case, the sulfonic acid layer from the sulfonation treatment should be subjected to steam distillation to remove orthoand para-isomers prior to the hydrolysis of the remaining metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid at from 300 F.to scou The step of caustic hydrolysis may be carried out, if desired, in the presence of a catalyst, such as metallic copper, which tends to speed the reaction. In a continuous operation, high pressure equipment with flow rates in the turbulent flow range, such as a Monel-lined tube, may be used for caustic hydrolysis. In a batch-type operation, a high-pressure stirred or rocked'autoclave, lined with Monel, is preferred, Monel offering a better resistance than steel to the corrosive action of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures.

As previously noted, the metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid withdrawn from the sulfonation zone is split to provide a separate feed stream for conversion to dihydroxytoluene in reactor 9. This stream is treated in the following manner: It is neutralized, and the resulting sodium or potassium chlorotoluene sulfonate is added, while stirring vigorously, over a period of about one hour to a melt of sodium or potassium hydroxide, preferably the latter, maintained at about 600 to about 650 F. The meltin of sodium or potassium hydroxide may be effected, e. g., in a cast-iron or nickel-lined pot, or reaction vessel, equipped with an adequate stirrer and provided with means for keeping an inert ene with different ratios of orthoto para-isomers may be successfully used in the process of the present invention, and that this latter is by no means limited to the, equilibrium mixture of orthoand parachlorotoluenes.

As hereinbefore disclosed, the invention oifers an effective integrated process for securing metacresol of relatively high purity from mixtures of chlorotoluene isomers by a novel, co ordinated sequence of treating steps. In particular, it makes possible the production of sub stantially pure metachlorotoluene from a mixture of chlorotoluenes which contains up to or more bywei'ght of metachlorotoluene by sulfonating that mixture and hydrolyzing the resulting metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid. From this latter, metacresol in a relatively high state of purity may then be obtained by caustic hydrolysis. In view of the great demand for pure metacresol as an intermediate for the manufacture of phenolic-type resins, plasticizers, etc., and of the dili'iculties usually encountered in securing a pure metacresol material, the production of this metacresol of relatively high purity represents a significant contribution to the art.

Finally, it is to be understood that examples contained in the above description are given by way of illustration only and are not to be deemed as limiting the invention, which includes in its scope all modifications and changes of the process details, except as limited by the definitions in the appended claims.

I claim:

A process for the manufacture of metacresol which comprises the steps of selectively sulfonating amixture of chlorotoluene isomers containing metachlorotoluene to effect selective formation of metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, separating said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from for at least fifteen minutes to hydrolysis with atmosphere over the reacting materials. About 5 to 10 mols of hydroxide is required per one moi of chlorotoluene sulfonate.

An alternative procedure consists in reacting the metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid directly with the hydroxide melt, in which case the number of mols of hydroxide required per one mol of the acid will range from about 6 to 11.

Stirring is continued for another hour at the aforementioned temperature, whereupon the contents of the pot, or reaction vessel, are dissolved in water and acidified with a suitable strong acid,e. g., sulfuric or hydrochloric. The resulting solution is next extracted with an appropriate solvent, such as ether, and finally, dihydroxytoluenes are recovered upon evaporation of the solvent.

It is to be noted that the present invention is particularly adapted to the treatment of an equilibrium mixture of orthoand parachlorotoluenes resulting from chlorination of toluene.

The term equilibrium mixture is used here to aqueous sodium hydroxide in a, concentration from about 5% to about 14% at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 700 F., neutralizing the hydrolysis product mixture, and recovering metacresol from tolyl ethers in the neutralized product mixture.

2. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide in the hydrolysis of metachlorotoluene is from about 8% to about 10%. I

3. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of selectively sulfonating a mixture of chlorotoluene isomers is effected with the aid of strong sulfuric acid ranging in concentration from80% sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid.

4. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the mixture of chlorotoluene isomers for selective sulfonation contains as much as 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene, based On the total weight of the mixture.

5. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of selectively sulfonating a mixture of chlorotoluene isomers is carried out at a temperature from about F. to about 210 F.

6. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the step of hydrolyzing metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid is carried out at a temperature from about 300 F. to about 360 F.

7. A process for the manufacture of metacresol, which comprises isomerizing a mixture of chlorotoluenes containing less than 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene with analuminum chloride catalyst at a temperature from about 200 F. to about 350'F., subjecting the resulting isomerization product mixture to fractional dis- I tillation to remove chlorobenzene and chloroxylenes therefrom, selectively sulfonating the re- 600 F. to about 700 F. and at a pressure suflicientto eifect the hydrolysis in liquid phase, neutralizing the resulting hydrolysis product mixture, and separating metacresolfrom tolyl ethers by distillation of the neutralized product mixture.

8. A process as defined in claim 7, wherein the mixture of chlorotoluenes containing less than 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene to be selectively sulfonated contains as much as 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene.

9. A process for the manufacture of metacresol, which comprises the steps of selectively sulfonati g a mixture of chlorotoluene isomers containing metachlorotoluene with strong sulfuric acid at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F. to effect selective separation of metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, separating said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from unreacted chlorotoluenes, hydrolyzing said acid at a temperature from about 300 F. to about 360 F. to form metachlorotoluene, forming metacresol while minimizing isomerization to orthoand paracresols by subjecting said metachlorotoluene for at least fifteen minutes to hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide in a concentration from about to about 14% and in a mol ratio of at least 2 mols of sodium hydroxide to 1 mol of said metachlorotoluene, and at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 700 F. and under a, pressure sufllcient to effect the hydrolysis in liquid phase, neutralizing the hydrolysis product mixture, and separating metacresol from-tolyl ethers by distillation of the neutralized product mixture.

10. A process as defined in claim 9, wherein the concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide in the hydrolysis of metachlorotoluene is from about 8% to about 10%.

11. A process for the manufacture of metacresol, which comprises isomerizing a mixture of chlorotoluenes less than by weight of metachlorotoluene with an aluminum chloride catalyst at a temperature from about 200 F. tov

about 350 F., subjecting the resulting isomerization product mixture to fractional distillation to remove chlorobenzene and chloroxylenes therefrom, selectively sulfonating the remaining mixture of chlorotoluene isomers containing up to 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene with strong sulfuric acid at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F., separating metachlorotoluene sulfuric acid from unsulfonated chlorotoluenes which are recycled to the isomerization step,

8 to form metachlorotoluena forming metacresol while minimizing isomerization to orthoand paracresols by subjecting said metachlorotoluene for at least fifteen minutes to hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide in a concentration from about 5% to about 14% at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 700 F. and under a pressure sufllcient to effect the hydrolysis in liquid phase, neutralizing the resulting hydrolysis product, and separating metacresol from tolyl ethers by distillation of the neutralized product.

12. A process for selective separation of metachlorotoluene from a mixture of chlorotoluenes containing metachlorotoluene which comprises treating said mixture with strong sulfuric acid ranging in concentration from sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid at a temperature from about F. to about 210 F., separating metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from unsulfonated chlorotoluenes, hydrolyzing said sulfonic acid at about 300 F. to about 360 F., and recovering metachlorotoluene.

13. A-process which comprises isomerizing a mixture of chlorotoluenes less than 45% by weight of metachlortoluene with an aluminum chloride catalyst at a temperature from 200 F. to about 350 F., separating a mixture of chlorotoluenes from chlorobenzenes and chloroxylenes in the isomerization product, forming metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid by selectively sulfonating' said separated mixture of chlorotoluenes at a temperature from about 100 to about 210 F., and recovering said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from the sulfonation reaction mixture.

14. A process which comprisesselectively sulfonating a mixture of chlorotoluene isomers containing metachlorotoluene with sulfuric acid ranging in concentration from 80% sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid to effect selective formation of metachlorotoluene sulfonicaeid, and recovering said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from the sulfonation reaction mixture.

15. A continuous process, which comprises selectively sulfonating a mixture of chlorotoluenes containing metachlorotoluene with strong suliuric acid ranging inconcentration from 80% sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F., separatme said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from unreacted chlorotoluenes, reacting said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid with molten alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 650 F. in an inert atmosphere in a mol ratio from about 6 to about 11 mols of the hydroxide to 1 mol of said sulfonic acid for about two hours, dissolving in water and acidifying the reaction product, and recovering dihydroxytoluenes therefrom by solvent extraction.

16. A continuous process, which comprises selectively'sulfonating a mixture of chlorotoluenes containing metachlorotoluene with strong sulfuric acid ranging in concentration from 80% sulfuric acid to 20% fuming acid at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F. to eflect selective formation of metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, separating said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid from unreacted chlorotoluenes, neutralizing said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid, reacting said neutralized sulfonic acid-with molten alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 650 F. in an inert atmosphere in a mol ratio from about 5 to about 10 mols of the hydroxide to 1 mol of the sulfonic acid for hydrolyzing said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acid 75 about two hours, dissolving in water and acidifying the reaction product, and recovering dihydroxytoluenes therefrom by solvent extraction.

17. A process for the manufacture of metacresol, which comprises isomerizing a mixture of chlorotoluenes substantially consisting of orthoand parachlorotoluenes with an aluminum chloride catalyst at a temperature from about 200 F. to about 350 F., subjecting the resulting isomerization product mixture to fractional distillation to remove chlorobenzene and chloroxylenes therefrom, selectively sulfonating the remaining mixture of chlorotoluene isomers containing up to 45% by weight of metachlorotoluene with strong sulfuric acid at a temperature from about 100 F. to about 210 F., separating metachlorotoluene sulfuric acid from unsulfonated chlorotoluenes which are recycled to the isomerization step, hydrolyzing said metachlorotoluene sulfonic acids to form metachlorotoluene, forming metaeresol while minimizing isomerization to orthoand paracresols by subjecting said metachlorotoluene for at least 15 minutes to hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide in a concentration from about to about 14% at a temperature from about 600 F. to about 700 F. and under a pressure sumcient to effect the hydrolysis in liquid phase, neutralizing the resulting hydrolysis product mixture, and separating metacresol from tolyl ethers by distillation of the neutralized product mixture.

18. A process which comprises isomerizing a mixture of chlorotoluenes substantially consisting of orthoand parachlorotoluenes with an REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,025,615 Elger May 7, 1912 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 159,837 Great Britain Feb. 16, 1922 OTHER REFERENCES Shreve et 91., Ind. Eng. Chem, vol. 38, 254-261 (1932).

Norris et a1., Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 61, 2128-31 (1939).

Wynne, Jour. Chem. Soc., vol. 61, 1075 (1892). 

17. A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METACRESOL, WHICH COMPRISES ISOMERIZING A MIXTURE OF CHLOROTOLUENES SUBSTANTIALLY CONSISTING OF ORTHOAND PARACHLOROTOLUENES WITH AN ALUMINUM CHLORIDE CATALYST AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 200* F. TO ABOUT 350*F. SUBJECTING THE RESULTING ISOMERIZATION PRODUCT MIXTURE TO FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION TO REMOVE CHLORBENZENE AND CHLOROXYLENES THEREFROM, SELECTIVELY SULFONATING THE REMAINING MIXTURE OF CHLOROTOLUENE ISOMERS CONTAINING UP TO 45% BY WEIGHT OF METACHLOROTOLUENE WITH STRONG SULFURIC ACID AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 100*F. TO ABOUT 210*F., SEPARATING METACHLOROTOLUENE SULFURIC ACID FROM UNSULFONATED CHLOROTOLUENES WHICH ARE RECYCLED TO THE ISOMERIZATION STEP, HYDROLYZING SAID METACHLOROTOLUENE, FORMING METACRESOL WHILE MINIMIZING ISMOMERIZATION TO ORTHO- AND PARACRESOLS BY SUBJECTING SAID METACHLOROTOLUENE FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES TO HYDROLYSIS WITH AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE IN A CONCENTRATION FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 14% AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 600*F. TO ABOUT 700*F. AND UNDER A PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO EFFECT THE HYDROLYSIS IN LIQUID PHASE, NEUTRALIZING THE RESULTING HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT MIXTURE, AND SEPARATING METACRESOL FROM TOLYL ETHERS BY DISTILLATION OF THE NEUTRALIZED PRODUCT MIXTURE. 